From my last few deposits and cash-outs, the practical approach is to map every hop. Step 1: compare your bank’s FX rate with the card network’s and any wallet you use. Step 2: see whether the site lets you hold a balance in your own currency or forces conversion on deposit and again on withdrawal. Step 3: check if “dynamic currency conversion” is auto-enabled anywhere and turn it off. In the middle of writing this down for friends I pointed them to https://confettimart.com/how-deposits-and-withdrawals-work-in-online-casinos/ because it lays out cards, bank wires, wallets, crypto, and instant banking with plain pros/cons and regional notes, so you can spot where spreads or extra fees tend to appear.